carousel grows in Brooklyn.
But it's heading off to Manhattan soon, to Bryant Park. And its
creators hope that as the galloping steeds with flying manes go
round and round, this classic of Americana will make children feel
more at home there.
The new carousel — floral-hued, sparkling with mirrors,
glittering with gold trappings and, yes, flaunting glass eyes — has
been taking shape in a two-story former clothes-rack factory in East
New York.
It is the most visible emblem of the return of carousel
manufacturing to Brooklyn, once the teeming Silicon Valley of the
merry-go-round. During the golden age of the carousel — from 1880 to
1930 — a host of Brooklyn woodcarvers pioneered a classic glitzy
design called the Coney Island style.
Now, a team of venerable artisans working with young artists is
putting the finishing touches on 10 painted ponies. "We wanted this
to be unlike any other carousel that people have ever seen," said
Marvin Sylvor, the carousel maker. "I think of this carousel as a
field of flowers with ears and hooves," he said of the
nontraditional floral design.
His company, Fabricon, and its 20 employees have occupied their
17,500-square-foot building in Brooklyn for four years, after moving
from Middle Village, Queens. "Many American carousels got their
start here, so we're continuing that heritage," Mr. Sylvor, 68,
said, sharing his immodest goal: "We want to put carousels all over
the world."
So far, so good: the 61 carousels that Fabricon has constructed
over the last two decades are whirling not only in Riverbank State
Park in Manhattan but in such exotic regions as La Paz, Bolivia; São
Paulo, Brazil; Hong Kong; Macao; Auckland, New Zealand; Riyadh,
Saudi Arabia; and Singapore.
The new carousel will be installed next month toward the southern
margin of Bryant Park, the seven-acre backyard of the New York
Public Library, between West 40th and 42nd Streets, that has become
Manhattan's unofficial town square.
The park will celebrate the 10th anniversary of its renovation on
April 22.
The 12,000-pound, 22-foot-wide carousel will inhabit a tidy
pebbled sitting area shaded by London plane trees, now dominated by
a green lamppost and a 1932 bust of Goethe. The carousel will boast
14 figures — 10 horses and 4 "menagerie creatures," as they are
known in the trade: a cat, a deer, a frog and a rabbit.
The carousel has the capacity to whirl 18 customers at a time —
in 10 rides an hour — propelling them at a top speed of four and a
half revolutions a minute for three minutes. Most of the creatures
will be "jumpers," lifting up and down, powered by a mechanism that
has not been improved upon since 1890.
This whole carousel brainstorm is attributable to Daniel A.
Biederman, executive director of the Bryant Park Restoration
Corporation, the park's private nonprofit benefactor. Mr. Biederman
completed an intensive academic concentration on the carousels of
Paris, Avignon and Marseille thanks to the ecstatic tutelage of his
young son Robert in the early 1990's.
Though Bryant Park has been a rousing success since its
reconstruction, Mr. Biederman wanted it to "appeal not only to
adults but to parents with children, to school groups and to
birthday parties," he said.
Mr. Sylvor is confident that the carousel will work its magic.
"Carousels do wonderful things for people, and children never forget
the moment when they first ride a carousel," he said.
Given the original inspiration, the music will be French, too —
cabaret crowd-pleasers like "La Vie en Rose." That is perfectly in
keeping with the Frenchified aspect of the park, designed in the
1930's not as a curving English-style greensward but as a
symmetrical oasis with long flower beds bordered by rows of trees.
Suitably, in its decade-old restoration, Bryant Park was given
bright-pebbled Parisian-styled walks and 2,700 spindly green
slatted-wood chairs from Thoissey, France.
Long ago, carousels defined their parks. Louise DeMars, executive
director of the New England Carousel Museum in Bristol, Conn., said
that families used to pack picnic lunches, don their Sunday best and
take the trolley "to ride one of the thousands of American
carousels."
"But by the 1930's people began looking for greater thrills like
the roller coaster," she said, and during the Depression most
carousel makers, including those in New York, went out of business.
"Today there are less than 200 operating antique wooden carousels."
Fabricon, she added, is only one of a half-dozen surviving
American carousel makers. Mr. Sylvor, a 1958 graduate of the Pratt
Institute, had established a successful store-window and display
business before succumbing to his lifelong love for carousels,
designing his first two decades ago.
Horses were once richly carved in wood, but had expensive
maintenance problems given their construction from glued-together
segments that warped in humidity. Although Mr. Sylvor employs
woodcarvers to create new classic-style carousels, most of the
demand these days is for merry-go-rounds formed from polyester resin
reinforced with bristly threads of fiberglass, then painted in
bright, fast-drying latex colors.
The surfaces are coated with polyurethane, to protect the paint
job. As for the horses' eyes, they actually are glass, emanating
from a taxidermy supplier in Woonsocket, S.D.
Nowadays, Fabricon's Beaux-Arts carousels can cost $200,000 to
$1.5 million, depending on the size. Ms. DeMars calls them cutting
edge, "given the design, the artistic quality of his carousels and
the breathtaking painting."
Although it had been planned for three years, the Bryant Park
carousel began to take physical shape in January.
Working from classic horse designs, Fabricon fashioned rubber
molds to form new resin horses as well as the exterior 8-foot-wide
"rounding boards" atop the carousel. Molds were also created to form
the mirrored 8-foot-high "dog house panels" of pink, blue and lilac,
which will hide the carousel's gear drive, powered by electricity.
The Bryant Park carousel will have an octagonal enclosure:
rounding boards painted with a blue spring sky of puffy clouds.
After being primed, then painted with a base color, the horses are
given darker, shadowed highlights accenting the definition of the
legs, tail and mane, "to give the horses a sense of motion," said
Julia Polonyi, Fabricon's design director.
It takes three to five days to paint each horse, given their
elaborate floral trappings of purple, yellow and red dahlias, roses
and tulips.
"Each animal is absolutely individual," said Jim Kettner, 24, a
graduate of the School of Visual Arts who is a member of Fabricon's
team of seven creature painters.
Each creature also attracts its own acolytes. Jorge Rodriguez,
47, a Fabricon mold maker who has helped Mr. Sylvor build more than
50 carousels during nearly two decades, said: "My favorite carousel
animal is the lion, possibly because I'm a Leo."
No carousel would be complete without a ticket booth, and Bryant
Park will have a 7-foot-tall, 4-foot-wide paragon dating to 1928,
from Paragon Park in Hull, Mass. Restored and painted with a
tree-trunk and floral-design motif, it will offer its Victorianish
tickets to customers for $1.50.
Although the effort to bring Bryant Park its first carousel
wasn't begun until 1997, it took more than a year to find the right
carousel maker. "I'd never have guessed that we'd end up building it
in our own Brooklyn backyard," Mr. Biederman said.
It took years more to win approval from Manhattan Community Board
5, which twice gave the proposal a thumbs down. Finally, in
December, it approved the construction of a more modest carousel
that would usurp only 1,000 square feet of the park's 300,000.
"Bryant Park is an oasis in the midst of Midtown's freneticism,"
said Scott Isebrand, chairman of the board's Parks Committee. "We
worried about blaring music and potential disruption."
Mr. Biederman promised that the sound would be regulated. "We
foresee none of the negative carnival connotations: litter,
gambling, rip-offs," he said. "What we do see is fun for those using
it, and fun for those watching it."
Mr. Sylvor will assume the entire financial risk, absorbing the
nearly $200,000 cost of the carousel; he will own and maintain it,
as well. It may not take Mr. Sylvor all that long to recoup his
investment, since 150,000 patrons are projected for the first year,
a negligible slice of the park's 3.5 million estimated annual
visitors.
And if Mr. Sylvor does meet with success, his contract specifies
that a portion of future carousel profits will revert to Bryant Park
to support its $3.5 million yearly operating budget.
Mr. Biederman is an optimist and has faith that the carousel will
resist maltreatment. "There has been surprisingly little theft and
vandalism in the park," he said, "and we are of the belief that if
you do something really nice for people, they won't mess it up."